As a rule, the education of the nursing students barely addresses the importance of perceiving and understanding different cultures, although they inevitably engage with patients from all backgrounds in everyday nursing practice. Ethnonursing is a qualitative anthropological research method that is used for description, documentation, and explanation of nursing care concepts across disciplines (Sagar, 2012). Leininger felt that the anthropologys most important contribution to nursing was to provide a foundation for the claim that health and illness states are primarily determined by the cultural background of the individual (Leininger, 1970, 1978) Her theory is in accord with the anthropological models that dominated in the 1960s when Leininger first undertook fieldwork in Papua Guinea, a study which she still continues to reference some 40 years later (Leininger & McFarland, 2003). . Leininger acknowledges that the reason she met opposition regarding her theory was as a result of nursing adhering to the medical model which only valued the biophysical and the psychological aspects of humans (Leininger, 1995). The use inductive reasoning makes the theory derive qualitative comparisons and inferences rather than quantitative inferences that nurses derived from traditional hypotheses. This applies to Leiningers theory as there are unknown truths about cultures to be discovered. It seeks the understanding of nursing practitioners to treat patients without interfering with their cultural values. In which she frequently referred to people of different ethnic origins (p.107), people of color and ethnic groups of color (Leininger, 1978, p.451). hbbd``b`$zc[$ d !~$b5 ! As mentioned above, the basic nursing conceptual model is incomplete for defining nursing. 11. Transcultural Nursing Theory by Madeleine Leininger. Madeleine Leininger and the transcultural theory of nursing. She went show more content. An historical overview of Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality also known as the Culture Care Theory (CCT) and evolution of the Sunrise Enabler are presented along with descriptions of the theory purpose, goal, tenets, basic assumptions, major core constructs, and orientatio July 13, 1925 Dr. Madeleine M. Leininger was born in Sutton, Nebraska. Explain how the nursing theory incorporates the four metaparadigm concepts. Sudbury. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. Historically, nursing care in Canada was provided by nurses of Anglo-Saxon origin and today nurses work in a healthcare system developed during the era of British Colonization which was has an enduring tradition in western values and ideology (no ref). Well write a 100%plagiarism-free paper this fast! Madeleine Leininger 12. Kindle. She grew up on a farm near the city with her two brothers and two sisters. Health is a state of being to maintain and the ability to help individuals or groups to perform their daily role activities in culturally expressed beneficial care and patterned ways (Leininger et al, 2006, p.10). Retrieved from https://studycorgi.com/evaluation-of-madeleine-leiningers-culture-care-theory/, StudyCorgi. Madeleine Leininger gained prominence all over the world in the field of cultural care. This is true of Leiningers work, for she conveys the importance of culturally appropriate caring in order to meet the needs of other cultures (Leininger, 1995). "Transcultural Nursing Theory by Madeleine Leininger." So how accurate can the lived experience of individuals be clearly understood by a researcher and then extrapolated to represent the lived experience of an entire cultural group? The absence of care and culture in the metaparadigm demonstrated to Leininger, the nurses limited interest in these concepts or value in studying the aspect of care as a nursing concept. The conceptualisation of these concepts in nursing situations has enabled nurses realise the importance of integrating anthropological concepts in nursing contexts in an attempt to derive the best nursing practices for culturally diverse patients. Caring is essential to curing and healing. The concept of health has great importance in Leiningers Culture Care theory but has been viewed by Leininger in a different perspective than traditionally implied. Anne Boykin & Savina Schoenhofer 15. In the Transcultural Nursing theory, nurses have a responsibility to understand the role of culture in the health of the patient. Furthermore, the theory assumes the importance of knowledge about curing and healing. In addition, the existential perspective acknowledges that culture is derived from values and meanings that contribute to the total being (Rajan, 1995). Environment The theory has now developed into a discipline in nursing. The theory develops on the behavioural patterns and commonality of patients. Nursing is an evolving discipline in the development of science i.e. In 1992, Leininger claimed that more than 3000 international studies have been conducted, with over 300 ethnic groups having been researched and chronicled (Leininger, 1978). Furthermore, McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah (2015) state that it was used to tease out largely unknown data about culture care (p. 19). These observations lead Leininger to develop an interest in anthropology. By analyzing the transcultural theory by Madeleine Leininger, a nurse practitioner will attain culturally-specific knowledge, which will result in improved patient treatment with a sense of open-mindedness. It is useful and applicable to both groups and individuals with the goal of rendering . After conducting adequate research, she gathered enough knowledge that helped her integrate nursing and anthropology. The USA has a modern history of settlement by immigrants from Europe, Britain and Ireland (Ward, 2003). Leininger (1993) modified this original definition of culture to become more inclusive or the values and beliefs and she also began to refer to the learned, shared and transmitted values, beliefs, norms and life ways of a particular group that guide their thinking, decisions and actions in patterned ways and the ways of life of the members of a society, or of groups within a society(p.9). In nonwestern cultures, using the term person or individual may be culturally taboo as it does not agree with the collectivism concept of the culture and are too egocentric whereas in western cultures, person and individualism are the dominating concepts. Madeleine Leininger is broadly recognized as the founder of cultural theory in nursing. Professional nursing care is a concept that deploys professional care systems to elucidate inductive reasoning by prompting cognitive thoughts to develop formally assistive, supportive, facilitative, and enabling nursing techniques with a view of improving the patients health condition. She earned several degrees, including a Doctor of Philosophy, a Doctor of Human Sciences, a Doctor of Science. As nurses immerse themselves in cultural education and adopt care that addresses patients cultural expectations, they implement a culturally congruent nursing process. During her career, Leininger has written 27 books, published over 200 articles and authored 45 book chapters (Marriner-Tomey & Alligood, 2006). Madeleine Leininger's Transcultural Nursing: Nursing, Diversity And Universality Theory. Leiningers theory developed into a nursing discipline as a fundamental approach to nursing practice and a better understanding of health care delivery. The theory acknowledges that patients belong to different cultures with different social beliefs and practices. The second theoretical tenet implies worldviews and social structure factors. Leininger used the concept to explain why human beings exist in a multiplicity of cultures by their universality nature that prompts them to provide care for each other within diverse cultural settings that have varied needs (Butts & Rich, 2010). Cultural and Social Structure Dimensions include factors related to spirituality, social structure, political concerns, economics, educational patterns, technology, cultural values, and ethnohistory that influence cultural responses of people within a cultural context. Emic refers to the beliefs, values, practices, and knowledge that belong to patients, while etic refers to the same factors but concerning . Practically, culture care practices open up a clear path for communication between nurses and patients. Leiningers goal was to investigate her belief that a patients ethnic background profoundly influenced their understanding of health and illness, which is turn determined the type of nursing care required by individuals. Info: 5614 words (22 pages) Nursing Essay By conceptualizing the theory, one might define a basic theoretical tenet, which is described by Alligood (2018) as care diversities and universalities that co-exist among cultures (p. 347). Nonetheless, the wholeness of the theory demands an in depth research to reveal the underlying assumptions that have left many questions for practitioners. Nursing is a vocation that engages at its most basic level with individuals, their families and communities (Allman, 1992). Thus, each concept must be specifically defined by the theorist. She recognized that a patient's ethnicity had the potential to impact on health and illness. B#@x1GLpD%AlTR$= $ 4.99 - $ 5.59. Beginning with an overview of the theory and its origins, this book presents the assumptions underlying the theory; the major concepts of the meta-paradigm of nursing, including the nursing. Instead, the nurse anthropologist talks about worldviews, social constructions, and societal contexts (Butts & Rich, 2010). I question whether Leininger did this, for I could not find any discussion regarding the potential for power difference (Leininger, 1995 & Leininger, 2010 *******ADD MORE REFERENCES HERE). Leininger (1995) also discusses not only differences between cultures but the need to discover the similarities as well. Leiningers transcultural care theory uses inductive reasoning to elucidate congruent culture care norms and values. Biography of Madeleine Leininger. Leininger started writing in the 1960s and her theory of transcultural nursing, also known as Culture Care Diversity and Universality, has turned out to be groundbreaking work in the nursing arena and been extensively implemented in western countries (Andrews & Boyle, 1995; Papadopoulos, 2004; Price & Cortis, 2000; Fawcett, 2002; Lister, 1999; Chinn, 1991; Cohen, 2000; Cooney, 1994; Narayanaswamy & White, 2005; Rajan, 1995; Chevannes, 2002; Coup, 1996; Culley, 1996). The nurse is the one responsible for providing care and engaging with a patient for the majority of his or her time receiving care. 2057 Words9 Pages. Labelling by ethnicity is a position fundamental to Leiningers work (Leininger, 1988). StudyCorgi. The concept of environment is complex and is a multifaceted dimension in all cultures. The second assumption is that caring is necessary for . In the Culture Care theory health is predicted as an outcome of using and knowing culturally based care, rather than biophysical or medical procedures and treatments (Leininger et al, 2006, p.10). From her studies in anthropology, Leiningers theory of cultural care was published in 1967 and over a 40 year plan it has been further developed and refined. Such an approach examines a nursing practice within the notions of health, well-being, disabilities, and dying. This theory differed from other nurses' work or mindset because nurse leaders relied heavily up on the four metaparadigm concepts of person, environment, health, and . Through her observations while working as a nurse, she identified a lack of cultural and care knowledge as the missing component to a nurses understanding of the many variations required in patient care to support compliance, healing, and wellness. The nurse anthropologist perceives people as beings who have intrinsic capabilities of showing concern about the needs, wellbeing, and sustained being of others (Jeffreys, 2008). -Fue la primera enfermera profesional con preparacin universitaria que obtuvo un Ph.D en antropologa cultural y social. Second, the terms theories and models are often used in the same way but are different. Madeleine Leininger (July 13, 1925 - August 10, 2012) was an internationally known educator, author, theorist, administrator, researcher, consultant, public speaker, and the developer of the concept of transcultural nursing that has a great impact on how to deal with patients of different culture and cultural background. Numerous concepts have been developed in the light of the culture care theory. Objectives Leininger's Background View of the four nursing metaparadigms Concepts specific for transcultural nursing theory Propositions of the theory Analysis and Critique of the theory Implications for nursing, practice, education, and research These theories offered nurses a new approach to knowledge and provided a means to systematically order, analyze and interpret information and buy, doing so, develop nursing knowledge through which nurses might evaluate their thinking and reflect on their actions during patient care ( Pearson, 2007; Nancy Edgecombe) Culture Care diversity and Universality was written in the style of an American mid-range theory of the time and Leininger employed the concepts of person, environment, nursing and health which were popular with American theorists. White (2004) discusses that the study of epistemology is to figure out what can be recognized as true and not necessarily to present facts I tried to delve into how Leiningers assumptions about truth by looking into how she obtained and interpreted her knowledge. Madeleine Leininger's Cultural Theory as Applied to a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthesiologist Everyday the world becomes smaller and smaller. The following analysis of the theory, its conceptual model, incorporation with the four metaparadigm concepts, and the evidence-based examples facilitate a better understanding of the CCT and, hence, its successful implementation in the nursing practice. The Transcultural Nursing Theory, or CCT, aims at obtaining a comprehensive knowledge of the care issue that concerns the cultural expectations of the patients. The delivery of nursing care is a significantly social activity. The efficiency of Leiningers theory lies in its purpose to better define the expectations of the nurse-patient relationship (Busher Betancourt, 2016, p. 2). Entirely, patients in the RCU rely on nurses. The nursing conceptual models deal with extensive metaparadigm concepts of human beings, health, nursing, and environment. Thus all care modalities require coparticipation of the nurse and clients (consumers) working together to identify, plan, implement, and evaluate each caring mode for culturally congruent nursing care. In todays healthcare field, it is required for nurses to be sensitive to their patients cultural backgrounds when creating a nursing plan. Nursing means to assist, support, or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their well-being in culturally meaningful and beneficial ways or to help people face handicaps or death (McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2015, p. 20). It allows for examining generic (folk) as well as professional care (the nurse)implementing the theory stimulates nurses, as carers and researchers to reflect upon their own cultural values and beliefs and how they might influence the provision of care. The capacity to provide appropriate cross-cultural care must be an essential attribute of contemporary nursing practice. The nurse from the etic or outside group can then understand the perpective of the emic group, combine it with the nursing philosophy of caring and use that to modify or vary nursing care and making it more appropriate. Today, she is recognised as the first professional nurse to seek knowledge about cultural and social anthropology. Even with regard to Leiningers visit to the Gadsup peoples I did not perceive any discussion regarding the possibility of Leiningers own influence of the visit. Disclaimer: Services provided by StudyCorgi are to be used for research purposes only. . With regards to the type of Leiningers knowledge I assume it to be conceptual knowledge (Schultz & Meleis, 1988). NursingBird, 16 July 2022, nursingbird.com/transcultural-nursing-theory-by-madeleine-leininger/. Culture refers to learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways to a specific individual or group that guide their thinking, decisions, actions, and patterned ways of living. Leininger later developed the Sunrise Model; (1991). During the 1960s and 1970s, immigrants from less traditional countries such as the Hispanic and Asian communities were settling down in the USA in larger numbers (Gabbacia, 2002). I think that her assumptions of truth could be viewed from a positivism perspective due to her need for scientific proof to underpin her thinking as she was concerned with the cataloging of the beliefs and practices of various minority ethnic groups as per her research, her articles and her books. It is rather a garden into which have been transplanted the hardiest and brightest flowers from many lands, each retaining in its new environment the best of the qualities for which it was loved and prized in its native land.. Culture Care Universality refers to common care or similar meanings that are evident among many cultures. The concepts addressed in the model are: Care, which assists others with real or anticipated needs in an effort to improve a human condition of concern, or to face death. Moreover, within the existential -phenomenological philosophy, human beings are viewed as subjects rather than objects (Rajan, 1995, pg. Caring is a crucial concept to the delivery of holistic nursing services to tuberculosis patients. NursingBird. The modes have greatly influenced the nurses ability to provide culturally congruent nursing care, as well as fostering culturally-competent nurses. This can be achieved when both the nurse and the patient creatively invent a new care lifestyle for the well-being and health of the patient. Jeffreys, M. (2008). Social segregation of the African-American community had just ended in 1954 and the black communities of previous African slaves that were taken from Africa to America 200 years earlier were becoming increasingly expressive about their human rights and were no longer pleased to hold a submissive social position in American society (Ward, 2003).