a) helping the poor b) writing about slavery c) her Abolitionist newspaper d) running the underground railroad, what was fredrick dounglass best known for? Floridas electoral votes enabled Bush to win the presidency. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector. Most of the variation occurred in Votomatic overvotes, the least likely ballots to yield votes in a recount. Bush's chief strategist, Karl Rove, phoned Fox News to insist that Florida was still in play. In late October, however, the gap in the polls between Bush and Gore narrowed dramatically. In a chorus that echoes those voices of 2000, Florida Republicans (and indeed the GOP generally) are expressing dismay at the recount of 2018. It will go down in history as one of the most closest elections in US history. AP: A vote-by-vote review of untallied ballots in the 2000 Florida presidential election indicates George W. Bush would have narrowly prevailed in the partial recounts sought by Al Gore, but. According to legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, later analysis showed that a total of 18 countiesaccounting for a quarter of all votes cast in Floridadid not carry out the legally mandated machine recount, but "No one from the Gore campaign ever challenged this view" that the machine recount had been completed. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Since then, we have seen several elections in which exit polling over-sampled voters with college and post-college educations possibly because these voters are more willing to complete an exit poll "ballot" as they leave their polling place. Gore won New Mexico and Oregon over the following few days; but the result in Florida was to be decisive, regardless of how those two states had voted. That call was made in the early morning hours of November 8 by all the TV networks cited above, but not by the AP. *One Gore elector from Washington, D.C., abstained from casting an electoral vote. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. ET CNN After the grueling 36-day Florida recount battle, Al Gore finally conceded the presidency to. Bush or Gore? B.K., sounds like you are a believer in state's rights. Cerabino, Frank. That phrase is being invoked a lot in light of this year's ultra-tight Florida statewide elections. Eventually, the Florida Supreme Court decided (43) to order a statewide manual recount of the approximately 45,000 undervotesballots that machines recorded as not clearly expressing a presidential voteand accepted some previously uncertified results in both Miami-Dade and Palm Beach counties, reducing Bushs lead to a mere 154 votes. Various flaws and improprieties in Florida's electoral processes were immediately apparent, while others were reported after later investigation. One of them came from the campaign of the Republican nominee, George W. Bush, then governor of Texas. The 2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida was a period of vote recounting in Florida that occurred during the weeks after Election Day in the 2000 United States presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore. Amount excludes 139 Miami-Dade precincts that were recounted. SC00-2431, Albert Gore, Jr., and Joseph I. Lieberman, Appellants, vs. Katherine Harris, as Secretary, etc., et al., Appellees", "2000 Presidential Election - Handcount (00genhc.xls)", "Counting the vote: the overview; Bush is declared winner in Florida, but Gore vows to contest results", "Disputed Palm Beach ballots held potential gains for Gore", "General, Nonpartisan and Special Elections Recount; Miami-Dade County, Florida", "So, who really won? The study cost nearly $1 million and was the most thorough and comprehensive news-media review of the Florida balloting. The 2000 presidential election was the closest in the history of the US Electoral College and the first ever to be decided by the US Supreme Court. To win the presidency, candidates must win a majority of votes in the Electoral College. Instead, the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols. The project ended up using a sample that was 1,333 votes fewer than the expected total of votes, with most of the variation in Votomatic overvotes, the ballots least likely to yield votes in a recount. Here's one of them. 1 / 6. The next day, Gore sued under Florida's statutory construct of the "contest phase". Following the machine recount, the Gore campaign requested a manual recount in four counties. For the results of the subsequent election, see United States presidential election of 2004. [9] Some late momentum for Gore and his Jewish running mate Joe Lieberman may have come from southern Florida's significant Jewish population. According to the study, 3146 (3%) of the 111,261 examined overvotes "contained clear and therefore legally valid votes not counted in any of the manual recounts during the dispute. Once the closeness of the election in Florida was clear, both the Bush and Gore campaigns organized themselves for the ensuing legal process. Orange County total of 512 properly filled ballots not read by machine on November 8, 2000. On November 28, Judge N. Sanders Sauls of Leon County Circuit Court rejected Gore's request to include the recount results from Miami-Dade and Palm Beach Counties. Direct link to Alex Nemchenko's post Why was a re-vote not ena, Posted 7 years ago. Based on the review of these ballots, their results indicated that Bush would have won if certain recounting methods had been used (including the one favored by Gore at the time of the Supreme Court decision), but that Gore might have won under other standards and scenarios. (The case had also been argued on the basis of Article II jurisdictional grounds, which found favor with only Justices Scalia, Clarence Thomas, and William Rehnquist.) the same name, a blank space or a historical or fictional name (1): the same name, a blank space or an uncertified person's name, the same name, a blank space, a historical or fictional name or an uncertified person's name. The "set aside" ballots were dimpled ballots that were challenged by the two parties. On November 17, Judge Terry Lewis of Leon County Circuit Court permitted Harris to certify the election results without the manual recounts, but on the same day the Florida Supreme Court stayed that decision until it could consider an appeal by Gore. As court challenges were issued over the legality of hand recounts in select counties, news stories were filled with the arcane vocabulary of the election judge. Numerous local court rulings went both ways, some ordering recounts because the vote was so close and others declaring that a selective manual recount in a few heavily Democratic counties would be unfair. ", "COUNTING THE VOTE: DUVAL COUNTY; Democrats Rue Ballot Foul-Up In a 2nd County", "Panhandle Poll Follow-up: Networks' Wrong Florida Call for Gore Depressed Voter Turnout in Florida's Central Time Zone", "TV Guide Network's "25 Biggest TV Blunders" Special Delivers 3.3 Million Viewers and Becomes #1 Rated Special Among Women 25-54 [via press release from TV Guide Network]", "Letter to Senator Patrick Leahy, Chairman, U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary", "Examining the Vote; How Bush Took Florida: Mining the Overseas Absentee Vote", "COUNTING THE VOTE: THE ABSENTEE BALLOTS; Review Military Votes, Florida Attorney General Says", "Lieberman Put Democrats In Retreat on Military Vote", "NAACP and Florida Voters Reach Agreement with ChoicePoint in Voting Rights Lawsuit: ChoicePoint to Make Donation to NAACP and Reprocess Voter Exception List", "Study of disputed Florida ballots finds justices did not cast the deciding vote", "Miami 'Riot' Squad: Where Are They Now? [4] According to The Palm Beach Post, "State lawmakers decided to weed out felons and other ineligible voters in 1998 after a Miami mayoral election was overturned because votes had been cast by the convicted and the dead. That's a load of high-profile, high-value races. The standards considered by BDO Seidman were: The study notes that because of the possibility of mistakes, it is difficult to conclude that Gore would have won under the strict standard or that a high degree of certainty obtained in the study's results. NBC News' Simone Boyce takes a look back at the 2000 election and explains the. [83] Under the other standards used in the study, Bush's margin of victory increased as looser standards were used. The Bush campaign quickly filed an appeal with the U.S. Supreme Court, asking it to delay the recounts until it could hear the case; a stay was issued by the court on December 9. The 2000 election between George W. Bush, the Republican candidate, and Democratic candidate Al Gore remains controversial because the vote between the two candidates was so close . Florida, a swing state, had a major recount dispute that took center stage in the election. Both campaigns immediately dispatched teams of lawyers to Florida. AsNew York Magazinesreporter Andrew Ricewrites, many of the same characters from the 2000 presidential legal brawl are still involved. Rice points to Noel Francisco, the former solicitor general,Alex Azarthe current secretary of Health and Human Services,Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas)and three people who now sit on the nations highest bench: JusticesJohn Roberts,Brett KavanaughandAmy Coney Barrett. It was in line with a letter sent out by Harris stating that if a postmark was not present on an overseas ballot, it had to be thrown out. Among these was the Palm Beach "butterfly ballot", which resulted in an unusually high number of votes for Reform Party candidate Pat Buchanan. What the Bush v. Gore studies showed", "Media Recount: Bush Won the 2000 Election", "Statistical Practice: Reliability of the Uncertified Ballots in the 2000 Presidential Election in Florida", "Newspapers' recount shows Bush prevailed", "Florida voter errors cost Gore the election", "Battlefield Florida: A Chat with Lance deHaven-Smith", How we got here: A timeline of the Florida recount, Video highlight of Florida Supreme Court Chief Justice Wells opening, Video highlights of November 20, 2000 and December 7, 2000 oral arguments in. In 2000 that process took five weeks and only ended at the Supreme Court. How do you explain the data shown on this map? Three days later, concluding (72) that a fair statewide recount could not be performed in time to meet the December 18 deadline for certifying the states electors, the court issued a controversial 54 decision to reverse the Florida Supreme Courts recount order, effectively awarding the presidency to Bush (see Bush v. Gore). While Democrats did make their way down to Florida, there was nothing like the certainty or the passion that ignited Republicans. After a five-week legal blitz that virtually ended in the Supreme Court, Bush was named the next president of the United States. Her work has appeared in The Washington Post, U.S. News & World Report andThe Hill. . The answer to your question is-they could have decided to not send their electoral votes to Congress but they really wanted to send their votes as not sending them would have effectively disenfranchised everyone in Florida . Under the FAC, a ballot with any other name written in (including Bush and Gore, who were not qualified as write-in candidates) was not an overvote, but rather a valid vote for the candidate whose name was marked by the voter. From the beginning of the controversy, politicians, litigants and the press focused exclusively on the undervotes, in particular incompletely punched chads. Bush's lawyers argued that recounting votes in just four counties violated the 14th Amendment and also that similarly punched ballots could be tabulated differently since Florida had no detailed statutory standards for hand-counting votes. After that decision, the Bush campaign appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, arguing that the state court effectively rewrote state election statutes after the vote. Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Bradford, Charlotte, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Hernando, Holmes, Lake, Manatee, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns and Washington Counties, Election day decisions by 17 Optiscan counties not to "manually review overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine", Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Leon, Manatee, Monroe, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns, Suwanee and Washington Counties, Election day decisions by 19 Optiscan counties not to "manually review undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines", Canvassing boards of Collier, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jefferson, Lee, Madison, Marion, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Sarasota, Sumter and Wakulla Counties, Election day decisions by 21 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines", The above 21 boards plus Palm Beach County Canvassing Board, Election day decisions by 22 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine", Decision not to review dimpled ballots with clear indications of intent, Decision to change county's certified vote from the mechanical recount total back to the election night vote total, Decision not to include Palm Beach County's vote recount results (all but 53 precincts) submitted before certification deadline, Decision not to include Miami-Dade County's vote recount results (139 precincts) accomplished before certification deadline. All were among 10,310 undervotes in the county. The 54 per curiam (unsigned) decision effectively awarded Floridas 25 Electoral College votes to Republican candidate George W. Bush, thereby ensuring his victory over Democratic candidate Al Gore. It was instead a painful reminder of the days when the battle for the ballot was, literally, a life-and-death matter. two-coder general agreement for punch card ballots. "[7], The Florida election was closely scrutinized after Election Day. Direct link to David Knarian's post The Constitution has it s, Posted 2 years ago. At the time, Republicans expressed dismay at the idea of a recount. Positive sign indicates number of votes that decision caused to be included (or put back) in state certified total. [4][6] According to legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, later analysis showed that a total of 18 countiesaccounting for a quarter of all votes cast in Floridadid not carry out the legally mandated machine recount, but "No one from the Gore campaign ever challenged this view" that the machine recount had been completed.[7]. In its opinion, the Supreme Court cited several areas where the Florida Supreme Court had violated both the federal and Florida constitutions. Direct link to Tristan Lvin's post Couldn't they have just r, Posted 5 years ago. In the Election of 2000, Florida was. Declared George bush the winner of Florida after intervention from the Supreme Court of the United States and gave bush the state by a margin of 537 votes. Gore said he disagreed with the Court's decision, but conceded the election. a) helping the poor b) writing about slavery c) her Abolitionist newspaper d) running the underground railroad, what was fredrick dounglass best known for? Ultimately, the contest focused on Florida. On December 8, in a 43 decision, the Florida Supreme Court ordered immediate manual recounts of undervotes for the office of president in all counties where such recounts had not already taken place. Rick Scott did the same for the Senate seat. Gore called Bush to concede the election, but in the early hours of the following morning it became apparent that the Florida race was much closer than Gores staff had originally believed. For those with memories going back four decades, all this was no accident. The presidential election of November 7, 2000 was one of the most memorable - and controversial - in the history of the United States. Direct link to ayushkadri's post No. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Republican Ron DeSantis proclaimed victory in the governor's race and current Gov. Polk, Hamilton, Seminole, and Taylor Counties, which used the more reliable optical scanners, decided to manually examine unreadable ballots (both undervotes and overvotes) during the counties' electronic recounts, in accordance with those counties' existing policies (see. [20] It was expected that had they been able to vote, most would have chosen the Democratic candidate. When we revisit the gut-wrenching night of Nov. 7, 2000, we recall that the TV networks looked at exit polls and sample swing precincts from Florida and declared it a win for Al Gore, who was the incumbent vice president and the Democratic nominee for president. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Rachel Bucchino is a reporter at theNational Interest. [19]:215216 Also, before the election, the Secretary of State's office had expunged tens of thousands of citizens identified as felons from the Florida voting rolls, with African-Americans identified on some counties' lists at up to five times their share of the population. In the hours that followed, the nation came to know the name Katherine Harris. Direct link to Tejas's post The best answer I can giv, Posted 6 years ago. The 2000 presidential election between George W Bush and Al Gore was the closest election in modern history with the results hinging on voters in South Florida. The standards that were chosen for the NORC study ranged from a "most restrictive" standard (accepts only so-called perfect ballots that machines somehow missed and did not count, or ballots with unambiguous expressions of voter intent) to a "most inclusive" standard (applies a uniform standard of "dimple or better" on punch marks and "all affirmative marks" on optical scan ballots). 2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida, NORC-sponsored Florida Ballot Project recount, County-by-county standards for write-in overvotes in 2000. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. Election of 2000 On election night in November, television news networks initially declared that Gore had won Florida, despite several polls open in Republican-leaning districts, with. Their predictions came not long after the official closing time for voting in the state, when relatively few votes had actually been counted. The review's findings were reported in the media during the week after November 12, 2001, by the organizations that funded the recount: Associated Press, CNN, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Washington Post, St. Petersburg Times, The Palm Beach Post and Tribune Publishing, which included the Los Angeles Times, South Florida Sun-Sentinel, Orlando Sentinel and Chicago Tribune. A larger consortium of news organizations, including USA Today, The Miami Herald, Knight Ridder, The Tampa Tribune, and five other newspapers next conducted a full recount of all machine-rejected ballots, including both undervotes and overvotes. I have heard that Jeb Bush rigged the decision in favor of his brother, when Gore should have become the 43rd president. Gore, as Bill Clintons vice president for eight years, was the clear favourite in the primary to win the Democratic nomination. "[4] A physical mark on a ballot, at or near a designated target, is such an indication. Expert groups continue to recommend use of the drug during pregnancy when necessary and in consultation with a doctor. All were pledged to and voted for George W. Bush and Dick Cheney:[17]. The news organizations hired the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago to look at each untallied ballot. Please select which sections you would like to print: Michael Levy was political science editor (2000-06), executive editor (2006-11), editor of Britannica Blog (2010-11), and director of product content & curriculum (2011-12) at Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. medianoche sandwich puerto rico; the powells he's always been faithful; jackie slang meaning; rick dipietro contract buyout; do we need to develop teamwork in playing doubles; . She was also an ally of Republican Gov. [12], On election day itself, the extent of the mix-ups in the electoral rolls was such that "in a number of precincts in Florida's inner cities, the polling locations were heavily fortified with police. But the state of the 2020 race is completely different, as Gore stated, than two decades ago. Bush also probably would have won had the state conducted the limited recount of only four heavily Democratic counties that Al Gore asked for, the study found. Once the closeness of the election in Florida was clear, both the Bush and Gore campaigns organized themselves for the ensuing legal process. USA Today, The Miami Herald, and Knight Ridder commissioned accounting firm BDO Seidman to count undervotes. It was sponsored by the Associated Press, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, CNN, St. Petersburg Times, Palm Beach Post, Washington Post and the Tribune Co., which owns papers including the Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Orlando Sentinel and Baltimore Sun. The Constitution has it structured the way it is, and they did it that way. Jeb Bush, the nominee's brother, and she had been co-chair of the nominee's statewide campaign. [4] Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting's analysis of the NORC study and media coverage of it supported these interpretations and criticized the coverage of the study by media outlets such as The New York Times and the other media consortium members for focusing on how events might have played out rather than on the statewide vote count. On December 4, the U.S. Supreme Court returned this matter to the Florida Supreme Court with an order vacating its earlier decision. Among those making that call were ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN, Fox News and The Associated Press. a. a global recession. "[51], Although Bush spokesman Ari Fleischer said on November 9 that "Palm Beach County is a Pat Buchanan stronghold and that's why Pat Buchanan received 3,407 votes there",[52] Buchanan's Florida coordinator, Jim McConnell, responded by calling that "nonsense", and Jim Cunningham, chairman of the executive committee of Palm Beach County's Reform Party, responded, "I don't think so. In the Election of 2008, Florida had 27 electoral votes. What did the U.S. Supreme Court decide in, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bush-v-Gore, Cornell University Law School - Bush Versus Gore, Bush v. Gore - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), sample butterfly ballot from Florida, 2000. That part of the vote count was completed on November 18, increasing Bush's lead to 930 votes. No. At 4:00p.m. EST on December 8, the Florida Supreme Court, by a 4 to 3 vote, rejected Gore's original four-county approach and ordered a manual recount, under the supervision of the Leon County Circuit Court and Leon County Elections Supervisor Ion Sancho, of all undervoted ballots in all Florida counties (except Broward, Palm Beach and Volusia) and the portion of Miami-Dade county in which such a recount was not already complete. Half of the overvotes in Duval County had one presidential candidate marked on each page, making their vote illegal under Florida law. Wednesday, November 8 dawned with some uncertainty as to who would be the next president. While the stakes might not be quite as high this time, they are nonetheless substantial: the governorship of Florida, a seat in the U.S. Senate, and the office of state agricultural commission. Why was a re-vote not enacted, that could have been monitored more carefully? Overall, the results were justtoo close to callon election night. By the time the networks switched Florida to Bush, the Texan had enough Electoral College support to be the projected winner. Bush won 12 of 23 congressional districts. Florida Attorney General Robert Butterworth in his advisory opinion to county canvassing boards wrote:[60]. To some, voting is a right that should be guaranteed regardless of any incompetence, error, failure, or irresponsibility on the part of the voter. Including overvotes in the above totals for undervotes gives different margins of victory: The overvotes with write-in names were also noted by Florida State University public policy professor and elections observer, Lance deHaven-Smith, in his interview with Research in Review at Florida State University:[85]. According to their results, Bush won under stricter standards and Gore won under looser standards. Gore had first called Bush to congratulate him on his victory, called again to rescind the concession. Have Any U.S. Presidents Decided Not to Run For a Second Term? Aside from this case, also in dispute were the criteria that each county's canvassing board would use in examining the overvotes and/or undervotes. Corrections? Taylor County determined voter intent on some overvotes; however, it did not include them in its certified results. [10] The county canvassing board was then to decide whether to do a recount, as well as the method of the recount, in those three precincts. As a result of the state's contract with Database Technologies, "173,000 registered voters in Florida were permanently wiped off the voter rolls. Direct link to $chmitty$am's post Judges are either elected, Posted 7 years ago. United States presidential election of 2000, American presidential election held on Nov. 7, 2000, in which Republican George W. Bush narrowly lost the popular vote to Democrat Al Gore but defeated Gore in the electoral college. Robert King/Getty Images By a 54 vote the justices reversed and remanded the case to the Florida Supreme Court "for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion", prior to the optional "safe harbor" deadline which the Florida court had said the state intended to meet. The organization analyzed 61,190 undervotes and 113,820 overvotes. rejected the decision of the us supreme court on the hand recount. George W. Bush (R) & Dick Cheney (R) v. Al Gore (D) & Joe Liberman (D) No candidate won a majority in the 2000 election.

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